http://www.imagesofasia.com/ ImagesofAsia is the leading source of images of the 50 countries of the world between the Suez Canal and the Sea of Japan. Thta's 60% of the world's population. In 2007, start watching here for unforgettable image stream of Asia.Benares, often called Kaasi, is located on the banks of the Ganges River. Many believe that the divinity shines at this place and leads humans to salvation. People often call Varanasi as Kaasi (Kas refers to shine). The name Varanasi owes its origin to the two rivers Asi and Varana between which the city is located. It is also a holy place for Buddhists. Millions of people visit Varanasi each year.

]]>The word "Nautch" owes its origin to the Sanskrit word "Nritya" which means dance. Though nautch dancing was a common feature of the imperial courts through the subcontinent, it gained renewed popularity in the later part of the Mughal rule. This form of dance was also patronized by the officials of the British Raj. Even the palaces of the smaller noblemen and prominent citizens hosted nautch dances. Today, the nautch dance is alive and well in Bollywood hits like Umrao Jaan and stories of dancing girls continue to play a big role in popular media.

]]>This kind of execution was intended to destroy the identity of their body of victims, held sacred by most Indian faiths. This image by the Russian painter Vassili Verestchagin (1842-1904) in the 1880s actually shows the British execution of Kukas (a Sikh group) in Punjab 1876, when the same method was employed against Sikh freedom fighters during that uprising. Despite its popularity in the 19th century, some British residents in India, especially in the 1870s, questioned the harshness of this tactic and called it counter-productive.

]]>The word "Brahmin" owes its origin to the Sanskrit word "Brahmana" which refers to "God". Brahmins have distinct traditions and abide by certain principles and rituals. Brahmins consider the Vedas as their primary source of knowledge. Roughly 5% of Hindus can be considered Brahmin. Today they are also among the most impoverished of India's castes despite their representation among the elite of the country. This likely to have been a Bengali Brahmin drawn by an artist in Kolkatta.

]]>Indian artists of the late 19th century were known for a wide range of artistic objects. Dresses like ghagra (skirt) and kanchili (bodice) worn by ladies of that period bear testimony to the artistic cuts and patterns of the makers. Even the embellished hand-stitched nagra jooti (shoes) was worn by many in those days. Churis (bangles), tikli (an ornament worn on the head) and anklets were worn by the women. Peacock fans, a symbol of Indian hospitality, also became an early Indian motif in European imaginations. These objects were probably drawn by Indian artists or copied from actual objects by European artists.

]]>Golconda is famous for the magnificent Golconda Fort. The Fort has four distinct forts with an outer wall measuring 10 kilometers in length and consisting of 87 bastions. Its shape is semi-circular. Towards the northern part of Golconda's outer wall, at a distance of almost one kilometer, lie the tombs of the Qutb Shahi Kings (Sultans). These tombs are adorned with aesthetically carved stonework and have landscaped gardens.

]]>The South Asian subcontinent was ruled by the Mughals for a long period, from the beginning of the 16th to the middle of the 19th century. The Mughal Empire attained its heights during the reign of Akbar in the 17th century and began its decline when Aurangzeb died in 1707. The last Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar, who was deposed in 1858, died in exile four years later in Burma.

]]>Cigars, pipes, hookahs and vaporizers were popular smoking implements for centuries. The hookah, which originated in India, became the preferred pipe in the Middle East. The water chamber in a hookah cools smoke before it reaches the smoker's lungs. Hookahs and other pipes were often elaborately decorated. The nature of the material used to make a pipe, like the type of wood, could impart special flavor to the smoke.

]]>The Mughal dynasty, founded by Babur, a Central Asian prince in 1526, ruled a vast part of India and Afghanistan. Though the rulers were Muslim, and Persian was their preferred language, their subjects were largely Hindu. The early Mughal Emperors, like Babur, and especially Akbar were known for their tolerance of all religions, while later Emperors like Aurangzeb were less understanding. This is held to be one of the reasons the Empire did decline as the British and other colonial powers established strongholds in various parts of the subcontinent during the 18th and 19th centuries.

]]>The spiritual and ritual practices of Hindu funerals are aimed at the final liberation of the soul. The death rites of men and woman are largely the same. However, the funeral rites vary based on the social status and caste of the deceased. In Hinduism, the dead are generally cremated not buried.

]]>Prince Azem (Azam) Shah (1653-1707), son of Aurangzeb, laid an unsuccessful claim to the throne after his father's death in 1707. He was killed in the ensuing succession struggles and ruled for only a few months.

He was succeeded by Shah Alam I (1643-1712) who managed to rule the Empire for five years. The Mughal Emperors ruled India through strong alliances with groups like the Rajputs, a caste from western India known for their fighting traditions.

]]>The Hindu religion teaches that the soul of a deceased person passes to the next level of existence after death. Various death rites and rituals of funeral are observed in order to help the departed soul pass over to the next higher level of existence peacefully. Though the basic rites remain same for all the castes, people belonging to the upper castes observe more elaborate rituals. The image below shows various upper caste members in distinctive clothing.

]]>A palanquin is a covered chair supported by poles carried on the shoulders of two or usually four people . For bigger ones, often more than four people may be employed. Scholars believe that Palanquin owes its origin to the word "pallakku" which refers to bed or couch in Tamil. The use of palanquins dates back to around 250 BC, when it is mentioned in the Ramayana. Palanquins were often used by women. However, during the 1930s, once the more comfortable rickshaws came into existence, the use of palanquins decreased and today their use is only ceremonial.

]]>The Hindu religion does not consider death to be the end of a journey, but a transition between different levels of existence. During a funeral, most Hindu dead are cremated on a wooden funeral pyre. At the time this lithograph was made, women often accompanied their deceased husbands to the funeral pyre in a practice called sati.

]]>The Rajputs are thought to be royal descendants of one of the former warrior dynasties of ancient India. The Rajputs mainly belonged to Rajputana, most of whose parts are now the regions of the state of Rajasthan which borders Pakistan. At the time when India gained independence, Rajputs ruled over four hundred out of the estimated six hundred princely states. This clan is still known for its bravery. Many Rajputs still are found in the modern Indian Army.

]]>Kashmir evoked special fascination among Europeans, especially for their nautch or dancing girls (who often came from Central Asia). The French would also have known Kashmir as the source for the beautiful woven Kashmiri shawls which became popular in the early 19th century.

]]>The Mughal Emperors were enthusiastic patrons of art and culture. Military campaigns and the centralized administration of the Mughal Emperors were also notable features of their rule. Women, especially of higher classes, played significant roles in the Mughal Empire. For example, Nur Jahan, the wife of Jehangir, was known for her political skills. Many women were also good artists, archers and writers. Jahanara Begum, Emperor Shahjahan's eldest daughter, was a poet. She also played a significant role in the politics of the royal family.

]]>The Mughals came to India from Uzbekistan through Afghanistan. The Mughal Emperors were influential in initiating a centralized government and new trade routes. These emperors also patronized art and culture. The incandescent architecture of the structures built during the Mughal Empire, like the Taj Mahal and the Red Fort, also speak highly about the refined taste and confluence of many cultural strains in Mughal India.

]]>Separate women's quarters were a common sight in the Mughal era. These quarters reflected Islamic aesthetic influences. The residential quarters of the high ranking women were furnished luxuriously. Many were surrounded by gardens. Nevertheless, women's quarters were often also "gilded cages" because they were so well secluded from public life.

]]>Emperueur Mogol Conduisant Une Expedition Militaire]]>The Mughal military played a significant role in the development and expansion of the Mughal state. Mughal armies comprised both Central Asian and Persian officers and soldiers who settled in India, as well as forces raised from captured provinces, and even mercenaries from European countries.

]]>This early 19th century lithograph is by the renowned French publisher Firmin Didot, and appeared in a series of volumes called Racine that covered the people of the world at the time, their rites and dress. Firmin Didot became publisher to the King of France in 1814, and re-printed the original 1801-1805 Racine volumes throughout the rest of the century. In 1851 Racine was hailed in London as the most perfect publication ever made. The Firmin Didot lithographs were usually signed by the lithographer, whose art was part of what made the prints so remarkable.

]]>The 17th century Parvati Temple was the private shrine of the former Peshwa dynasty. It offers a beautiful aerial sight of the city of Pune. This temple is devoted to Parvati and Devadeveshwar (Lord Shiva). Many people believe that Balaji Baji Rao, the Peshwa ruler, watched the defeat of the British in the Battle of Khadki (Kirkee) in 1817 from here.

]]>Solon is a scenic location in the modern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It was capital of the former Bhagat princely state for several years.

Solon is also known for its Dyer-Meakin Brewery that was founded in 1835 with Anglo-German co-operation. It is renowned for the production of superior beer and whisky.

]]>The early 20th-century Home Rule League demanded self-government for the whole of India from British rule. Many Indian leaders supported this movement including the famous nationalist, Bal Gangadhar Tilak. The Home Rule League created political awareness and ensured the beginnings of an active political movement that inspired many future leaders even as it was quickly superseded by other efforts. Once the India Act was introduced in 1919, the organization declined and Mahatma Gandhi's first Non-Cooperation Movement became the leading independence movement.

]]>Sukhdev (May 15, 1907 - March 23, 1931) was a popular revolutionary who actively participated in India's fight for freedom. He was instrumental in organizing revolutionary cells in the regions of Punjab and other parts of North India in the 1920s. He was one of the close associates of Bhagat Singh and a member of the Revolutionary Party in Lahore. Sukhdev was hanged with Bhagat Singh and Rajguru on 23rd March, 1931 after the three were sentenced to death in the famous Lahore Conspiracy Case that galvanized the Indian freedom movement.

]]>Many Hindu temples hold sessions where the devotees can listen to the holy Puranas being read by the priests. The Puranas are considered a huge treasure of spiritual and literary knowledge that offers useful insight into the past, present and future. There are 18 Puranas that contain ancient folklores and myths. They are the oldest parts of the Vedas.

]]>Once it was common to find the elephants perform on the roads of Mumbai. Elephants also played a significant part in religious ceremonies and their display was a status symbol in weddings. However, the Mumbai State Government banned domesticated elephants from the streets of the city since July 2007.

]]>Jama or Juma Masjid refers to the place where Muslims gather to perform Friday (Juma) prayers. It is usually the most important mosque in a city or town. Mumbai's Jama Masjid was originally located close to Dongri. Later, it was moved to the Esplanade near the sea. In 1770, the Jama Masjid was destroyed following an order by Governor William Hornby that prohibited the existence of any construction near the British fort. The current Jama Masjid was constructed between 1775 and 1802 and remains an important center of Muslim life in Mumbai.

]]>Arthur Crawford, the first Municipal Commissioner of Bombay, gave Crawford Market its name. Constructed in 1871, Crawford Market is now called Jyotiba Phule Market after an early social worker. The architecture of this covered market mixes Norman and Flemish styles. Crawford Market is a wholesale market and offers a variety of food items.

]]>A considerable portion of Mumbai's population lives in rural areas like Karad, Ratnagiri, Chiplun and Sangli. Most of the villages of Mumbai are well connected with the city and enjoy several modern amenities. However, illiteracy and absence of primary health care facilities are still major problems.

]]>To reach the Round Temple from the Victoria Terminus, the central train station in Mumbai, one has to take a left turn from the signal at Bhendi Bazaar. During British rule, a tram line was proposed for this road. It required the Round Temple to be demolished. However, once the workers started taking it down the temple, snakes started coming out. Frightened, the workers stopped their work and eventually the tram line was laid around the temple instead of passing through it.

The Gol Dewal (Round Temple) is also famous for the stone market situated on both sides of it. This market is considered the city's oldest. From this market, a wide variety of stones can be bought to furnish a a home.

]]>In 1794, Mr. Charles Elphinstone, the Postmaster General for the then Bombay Presidency, founded the General Post Office. A cluster of small buildings close to the Apollo Pier in the south of the new city housed the Bombay GPO. However, due to the damage caused by a fire, the GPO changed locations in 1869. In 1913 the General Post Office moved into its present building which was designed by John Begg, the Consulting Architect to the Government during the 1900's. Mumbai GPO has an Indo-Saracenic style of architecture with a solid exterior and well-ventilated interiors. The Mumbai GPO is today the biggest Post Office in India and one of the largest in the world.

]]>Located at Native Street, Null Bazaar is popular for its jewelery and export firm headquarters. How Null Bazaar got its name is not known. Though "null" stands for "tap" in Hindi, no taps are sold in this market.

]]>The Town hall of Jubbulpore (now Jabalpur) is built in an Indo-Saracenic style. This building was inaugurated on September 2, 1892 to mark the Jubilee of the rule of Queen Victoria. The Town Hall, constructed with Rupees 30,000, was handed over to the public just after its inauguration and the Municipal offices were transferred here.

]]>Tukht Hill, better known as Takht-e-Suleiman hill, offers a wonderful view of the Srinagar. The famous Shankaracharya Temple, regarded as the oldest shrine of the Kashmir valley, tops this hill. This temple is located at an elevation of 1100 feet above the city. Lord Shiva is the presiding deity of the Shankaracharya Temple.

]]>Mt. Abu, a popular hill retreat, is a green oasis in the barren landscape of Rajasthan. Located at the southern tip of the Aravalli range, Mount Abu has rich flora that includes flowering shrubs and pine trees. Mount Abu has several Jain temples, the most famous being the Dilwara Temples.

]]>Raja Ajay Pal Chauhan founded the city of Ajmer in 10th Century ACE. The city continued to be a key center of the Chauhan power until 1193 when the Afghan Mohammed Ghauri conquered it. Ajmer was the capital of several feudal dynasties. In 1365, the ruler of Mewar conquered Ajmer. The city changed hands in 1532 when the Marwar ruler took control of the city. Akbar, the Mughal emperor, captured Ajmer in 1559. In 1770, the turn of the Maratha Hindus from the south conquered the city. In 1818, Ajmer was sold to the British for 50,000 rupees.

]]>Work started on the Golden Temple in 1574. Akbar, the Mughal emperor, donated the land. Construction was supervised by the fourth and fifth Sikh Gurus. In 1601, the temple was finally completed though restoration and further ornamentation went on for years. The Golden Temple showcases a blend of Hindu and Muslim architecture. Harmandir Sahib houses the sacred "Adi Granth" that contains scriptures by the Sikh Gurus. This temple has doors in four directions signifying that everyone, irrespective of caste and creed, is welcome.

]]>Amba Mata is located on the northern shore of Fateh Sagar Lake and offers a scenic view of the city. The lake was dug in 1678 during the rule of Maharana Jai Singh. After heavy rains damaged the Fateh Sagar dam, Maharaja Fateh Singhji rebuilt the water reservoir which was renamed Fateh Sagar Lake in his honor.

]]>The Lake Palace, also called Jag Niwas or Jagmunda Palace, is the biggest tourist attraction in Udaipur. This beautiful island palace was constructed by Maharana Jagat Singh II in 1754. Overlooking Lake Pichola, the white marble structure of Jagmunda Palace is a blend of European and Chinese architecture.

]]>Dalhousie is a British hillstation founded in 1854 the by the original British colonists of India, the trade and occupation East India Company. It was meant to serve as a spot of tranquility for army and civilian officials and their families to renew themselves during the heat of the summer months in north India.

]]>Dalhousie gained popularity during the 1920s and 1930s. During this period, many British officers shifted their bases here along with their families. Even the district army headquarters moved to Dalhousie. Dalhousie never became a major hillstation like Simla or Ootacamund. At roughly 10,000 residents is still smaller than, for example Murree on the other side of the former Punjab province of British India.

]]>Wajid Ali Shah, the king of Awadh, constructed the Kaiser Bagh Palaces of Lucknow in the 1850s. It is believed that 8 million rupees were spent on their construction. However, a large part of the Kaiser Bagh was destroyed ny the British during and after the 1857 uprising.

]]>La Martinere of Lucknow consists of two schools, one for the boys and another for girls, located on different campuses. The one for the boys was established in 1845 while the section for girls was founded in 1869. La Martinere of Lucknow was founded by a French general, Claude Martin (1735-1800), who served the Lucknow rulers in the 18th century. He designed and constructed this building, and then decided to have himelf buried in it to prevent another noblemen from taking it over upon his death. He left a grant to turn it into a school now counted amongst the leading educational institutions of India.

]]>The tiered architecture of Kaiser Pasund in Lucknow was a magnificent building. The pillars, domes and minarets of Kaiser Pasund gave it a look that drew heavily from Muslim architecture and even showcased some glimpses of European styles popular among Lucknow's ruling class in the 1820s when the building was constructed by one of Nawab Ghazi-ud-din Haider's Chief Minister. Later Wajid Ali Shah took it over, and in the later 19th century it was the Deputy Commissioner's Court.

]]>La Martiniere College located on Dilkusha Road of Lucknow was founded by Major General Claude Martin in 1845. During the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, Battle Honours was awarded to La Martiniere as its staff and pupils played a major role in the defense of Lucknow's Residency. General Martin is buried in the building which helped protect its status as an educational institution.

]]>Ganga Mahal Ghat of Benares is named after a grand building of former Maharaja of Varanasi, and is located towards the northern edge of Asi ghat. The Ganga Mehal Ghat has magnificent carvings showing the Rajput and local architectural splendors of the 16th century.

]]>The city of Baramulla was established by Raja Bhimsina. It served as a gateway to the valley as it was situated 30 miles from the capital Srinagar on the route to the Kashmir Valley from Muzaffarabad and Rawalpindi, now located in Pakistan. The beautiful town of Baramullah is located on Jhelum River banks. The delta of Jhelum river can be seen in the outer fringes of Baramullah.

]]>Srinagar is famous for its scenic locales and the Jhelum River flowing through a part of the city. Amongst various tourist attractions of the place, the magnificent 18th century Srinagar fort constructed by the Mughals. Jama Masjid, the chief mosque of the city constructed in the 14th century, is also a big draw of Srinagar. The city is over 2,000 years old.

]]>The wooden architecture of Shah - Hamadan blends Islamic, Buddhist, Hindu and local mountain styles. It was constructed in the memory of Mir Sayyid Ali Hamdani (a popular saint of Hamadan, Persia) by Sultan Sikandar at the end of the 14 century. The Mosque of Shah - Hamadan also acts as house and was rebuilt three times. Ravaged by fire in 1480, it was rebuilt by Sultan Hassan Shah, who also expanded it. In 1493, it was again destroyed and rebuilt as a two-storey building. In 1731, a fire destroyed the Mosque of Shah - Hamadan and it was rebuilt by Abul Barkat Khan. Many wooden structures in Kashmir has been similarly destroyed by fire and rebuilt over the centuries.

]]>Nagin Lake and Dal Lake are major tourist attractions of Srinagar. Tourists use shikaras (houseboats) to enjoy cruises on these lakes.

]]>Nainital is made up of two words namely Nain (eye) and Tal (lake). It derived its name from the lake that resembles the shape of an eye. The Mall Road runs along one side of the lake. Several restaurants, hotels, shops, banks, travel agencies and other business establishments are located in this region. The Nainital bazaar offers a wide range of articles especially woolen garments used by local residents during the cold winter months. In summer it is a popular tourist destination.

]]>Located at a height of 2270 meters (over 7,000 feet), Snow View can be reached by rope track. Some people also prefer to either hire horses or walk the two kilometers uphill to reach this spot. Snow View presents a beautiful view of the Naina Devi mountain. A small marble temple devoted to Dev Mundi that has images of Shiva, Durga, Rama, Lakshmana, Sita and Hanuman is also a big attraction for people coming to Snow View.

]]>In Uttarakhand, the Y.M.C.A. has its office at Bhimtal where facilities like that of accommodation, camping, trekking and conference are offered. Ramsay Hospital in Nainital, presently known by the name of Pt. G.B. Pant Hospital, is also a famous landmark. Nainital was founded in the 1840s in the Kumaon foothills of the Himalayas.

]]>The Rock Fort Temple of Tiruchirapalli (Trichy) is as high as 83 meters and is believed to be older than even the Himalayas. The Rock Fort Temple consists of three temples namely the Uchhi Pillayar Koyil, the Manikka Vinayaka temple and the Taayumaanava Koyi (Shivastalam). The Rock Fort Temple has a hall with 100 pillars. The presiding deity of this temple is Kangaala Moorthy, one of the 64 incarnations of Lord Shiva.

]]>Lord Dalhousie brought the Burmese Pagoda from Burma in 1854 as a token of conquest of the land. However, the original wooden structure rotted away with the passage of time. Nevertheless, the structure that stands now is testimony to the renovation efforts of the government of West Bengal.

]]>In 1756, the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-daulah captured Fort William and held some prisoners who were of British origin. Almost 146 people were believed to have been imprisoned and put in an airless and small dungeon of Fort William. Next morning, after the door was opened, it was found that 123 of the prisoners were dead. Since then, the dungeon came to be known as the Black Hole of Calcutta. How much of the story is true is open to dispute. Far fewer people might have died, and it may largely have been an accident of war.

]]>The Calcutta Museum was founded by a Danish botanist, Nathaniel Wallich, in 1814. It shifted to the present site in 1878. The architect of Calcutta Museum was W. L. Granvil who also designed the Calcutta General Post Office and the Calcutta High Court. The museum has more than sixty galleries of Archaeology, Zoology, Art, Anthropology, Geology and Botany that cover ten thousand square feet. It is apparently one of the oldest institutions of its kind in Asia.

]]>Dalhousie Barrack, a four storey high building, is a captivating component of Fort William. Today it is the Military Head quarters of the Eastern Command of Indian Army. About one thousand soldiers can be accommodated here with weapons and rations.

]]>Lord Curzon was the Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905. He constructed Victoria Memorial in memory of Queen Victoria, the British monarch who died in 1901 after reigning more than 60 years. He also put forward a proposal to build a museum here to house articles offering a glimpse of the British rule in India, and today the Victoria Memorial is one of the major institutions in India for research about the British Raj.

]]>Many Government offices, both old and new, like the Government Secretariat, High Court, General Post Office, Reserve Bank of India, Lalbazar Police Headquarters and West Bengal Tourist Bureau are located in B.B.D Bagh (garden0 of Kolkata. Many private and multinational companies also have offices in here.

]]>The tapering tower of the Mutiny Monument, octagonal in shape, is situated on Delhi's Rani Jhansi Road. The British built this monument in 1863of red sandstone. The Mutiny Monument of Delhi was initially built in memory of victims of the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny but after Independence was re-dedicated to all the martyrs of India's freedom struggles. The Mutiny Monument was renamed as Ajitgarh in 1972 when India celebrated its 25th anniversary of freedom.

]]>Pearl Mosque is also known as Moti Masjid. The Moti Masjid, made of white marble, is located at Delhi's Red Fort complex. It has three beautiful domes that were originally coated with copper. The eastern door of this mosque also has copper leaf plating.

]]>The road to Kashmir from Delhi once began from the Kashmiri Gate, which faces in the direction of travel. In 1835, Robert Smith, a Military Engineer, constructed this building used for ammunition storage. In 1857, the Kashmiri Gate was the scene of a critical battle between the British and the Indian freedom fighters. Later, the British built a Mutiny Memorial to the western side of the gate in memory of the many British and Indian soldiers who had lost their lives here in 1857.

]]>St. James Church was built by James Skinner in 1836. It is said that Skinner was once badly wounded in the war while serving the army. He vowed to build a church in case he survived. When he recovered, he fulfilled his promise and built the Cross & Ball Church.

The architecture of St. James Church reflects a blend of western classical design and Renaissance structures. The design of this church is laid out like a cruciform. The entrance of is towards the west and the altar is located in the east. St. James Church has porches on three sides.

]]>Delhi Gate was constructed between 1568-69 towards the western side of Agra Fort. Inside Delhi Gate, another inner gate is there which is called the Elephant-Gate or Hathi Pol.

Delhi gate was beautifully decorated with floral designs, stone carving in geometrical patterns and bold relief sculptures and gemoetric patterns. Glazed tiles in green, blue and yellow enhance the beauty of the Delhi Gate.

]]>Diwan-Am or Diwan-I-Am was also called the Hall of Public Audience. Built between 1631-40, the Mughal Emperor Shahjahan addressed his subjects here. The arches of the Diwan-I-Am are covered with white lime that were polished to give the entire structure a smooth finish. The intricate inlay work on the triple arched royal canopy is also a visual treat. It was here that the famous Peacock Throne was kept.

]]>The soldiers of Maharajah Ranjit Singh (1780-1839) were known for their fighting abilities. Ranjit Singh is often given the credit for establishing a modern Indian Army. He hired European and other experts in warfare to train his soldiers and manufacture munitions.

]]>Emperor Shah Jahan built the Khas Mahal in the 1630s. This structure showcases Islamic-Persian features. The Khas Mahal of Agra Fort is an airy edifice that overlooks the Angoori Bagh and was built for the two favorite daughters of the Emperor. The windows of this building have beautiful perforated stone screens that offer a fabulous sight of the riverfront. Two copper-roofed pavilions flank Khas Mahal. The one made up of red stone was used by the ladies of the harem. The other built of white marble was believed to be adorned with gold leaf.

On the left side of the Khas Mahal, is an octagonal tower having an open pavilion, called the Musamman Burj. This open pavilion was constructed by Shahjahan for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. This structure has delicate marble lattices having beautiful niches that was used by the ladies of the court to view the surroundings without being seen.

]]>The Tomb of Akbar is located at Sikandra, about 4 kilometers away from Agra. Akbar started the construction of this tomb in 1605. However, the structure was completed by his son, the Emperor Jehangir.

Buland Darwaza, the big gateway to the tomb, takes a visitor into a garden enclosure. The ornamentation on the gateway, with huge mosaic patterns, is magnificent. The four minarets on this gateway showcase calligraphic decorations and mesmerizing inlay work of white marble done on red sandstone.

The Tomb of Akbar is situated in the center of the walled garden enclosure. The pyramidal structure of this tomb has an open terrace contained within huge panels of jail screens.

]]>Victoria Terminus, also called Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) and exemplifies magnificent Victorian Gothic architecture. The construction of Victoria Terminus started during 1888 and continued over a period of 10 years. The British architect F. W. Stevens designed the structure which is abbreviated to as VT by city most current city residents.

]]>River Teesta meets the Rangeet River, its chief tributary, at Teesta Suspension Bridge. The Teesta Suspension Bridge plays a key role in connecting Kalimpong and Darjeeling hillstation. After meeting Rangeet River, Teesta takes a southward turn and flows entirely into the state of West Bengal. At Sevoke where the Coronation Bridge is located, the river comes to the plains. Later, the river changes its route first to Jalpaiguri and afterwards to Rangpur District located in Bangladesh, before eventually flowing into the Brahmaputra River.

]]>The toy train of Darjeeling is a major draw for tourists. This zigzag railway route connects Darjeeling to Siliguri in North Bengal. The railway line encircles tea gardens and streams through a series of four loops and double loops to take a train up the mountains.

]]>Kanchenjunga owes its name to the combination of two Tibetan words namely 'Kanchen' and 'Dzonga' that refers to 'Five Treasures of the Great Snow'. Five summits adorn Kanchenjunga (Kinchunjunga). From Darjeeling, the southwestern face of Kinchunjunga is visible. People who want to reach the summit via this route pass through the state of Sikkim and covers a short stretch along the boundary of Nepal.

]]>Mount Kanchenjunga is clearly visible from Darjeeling and at 28,185 feet is the third highest mountain in the world

]]>Lebong is is a valley roughly 1,000 feet below and 8 miles away from Darjeeling town. This place was a great draw for the early British settlers owing to its temperate climate. This place has a small race course called Lebong Race Course (LRC). Known formerly as the "Darjeeling Gymkhana Races," horse racing started at LRC in 1925. Jockeys regarded this race course as one of the toughest in the country. Incidentally, the LRC was also the only course where the horses ran counter-clockwise owing to the nature of the land. Racing stopped in 1984 as the when the race organizer, the Darjeeling Gymkhana Club, suffered large losses in maintenaning the Lebong Race Course.

]]>Typical characteristics of Gothic architecture like large windows and pointed arches can be seen in Hotel Majestic & Waterloo Mansions, Mumbai (Bombay). This fine structure is ranked highly amongst those buildings which give Mumbai its distinct look and historic atmosphere.

]]>The Gateway of India is situated on the waterfront in South Mumbai. Made of reinforced concrete and yellow basalt, the Gateway of India has a central dome, measuring 15 meters in diameter and standing tall at 26 meters above the ground. The civil engineering firm named J C Gammon (Bombay) Pvt Ltd built this structure which showcases a magnificent blend of Indo-Saracenic and Muslim architectural style.

]]>The Taboot Procession in Mumbai (Bombay) is generally taken out on the 21st day of the month of Ramadan. This procession marks the funeral procession of Hazrat Ali. Shia Muslim devotees in large numbers attend the Taboot Procession to show their respect to the son-in-law of the Prophet Mohammed and fourth Caliph.

]]>Matunga is a suburb of Mumbai. As many South Indians, particularly Tamil Brahmins, live here, Matunga is often called by the name of "mini Madras". Matunga plays home to more than a few South Indian styled temples. Several street shops of this Mumbai suburb sell flowers and coffee which enhances the South Indian feel of this place.

]]>A food market is situated just outside the Pydownie (Minara) Masjid. In the month of Ramzan, thousands of people throng this place to offer their prayers and eat delectable food during the break of roza.

]]>{orginal caption] The Household Washes the baby. "East is East and West is West and never the twain shall meet." So says Kipling and he ought to know for he was born in India. But in the picture we get one of those primitive touches of nature that make the whole world kin. [end] In India, the birth of a baby is a moment of celebration not only for the parents but for the extended family too. The ladies of the house take care of every nitty-gritty that forms the growing years of the baby. Bathing the baby is one such act that can be seen here.

]]>[Original caption] Colonnade, Hindoo Pillars, Kutub Minar. The Pillars, taken by the Mughal conquerors of India from a Hindoo temple, were recut to free them from idols and used to form the colonnade to the mosque. Some of the Hindoo figures can still be seen. [end] The inner courtyard of Quwwat Ui Islam Mosque in the Kutub (Qutab)complex is encircled by an exquisite colonnade. The pillars of this colonnade are built of richly decorated shafts. A majority of these shafts were sourced from 27 Hindu temples which were looted to build the mosque.

]]>[Original caption] Diwan-i-Khas, "The Hall of Audience," a pavilion of white marble shining in the sun; walls and ceilings, pillars and arches, all inlaid with rich yet delicate color. Gold cornices and lattices frame traceries of mauve and azure and pale green. What must it have been before Nadir Shah took away to Persia in 1739 the Peacock Throne, blazing with emerald and sapphire, ruby and diamond, and plates of burnished silver reflecting its glories from the roof? [end]

]]>[Original caption] An Eastern Cemetery. The cemeteries of Rajputana in which is situated the state of Jeypore, are as picturesque as all that surrounds the lives of the Rajputs. This fine race comes nearest in ideas, aspect, stature, demeanor, costume and equipage to those of European chivalry of the feudal times. The Rajput Princes claim to be descended from the Sun and Moon. [end]

]]>[Original caption] Dalhousie Square. On the front of the huge Post Office in this Square is a slab marking the site of the "Black Hole" tragedy, when 148 English people were forced into a small guard-room with only two small windows in the heat of June, 1756, and only 23 came out alive. Lord Curzon has erected a monument to commemorate this tragic episode. [end] At present, Dalhousie Square is the seat of power of the West Bengal State Government.

]]>[Original caption] Performing Bears, Calcutta. It is a common occurrence in Calcutta and other cities of India to meet the native from the hills leading a small bear that is found in the Himalayas and other mountain districts. These bears climb poles, dance, perform tricks and are perfectly harmless. [end] Under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act 1972, bears can no longer be captured or traded in India as these acts are now illegal. However, this law is blatantly disregarded and performing bears can still be seen on the streets.

]]>[Original caption] The Pagoda, Eden Gardens. The Eden Gardens are beautifully laid-out grounds and were for many years the gathering place in the evening of the fashionable society of Calcutta. In the gardens is the Calcutta Cricket Ground, and on the side of the water is a picturesque Burmese Pagoda, brought from Prome and set up in 1856. [end] Eden Gardens is India's oldest cricket ground. It is often called the Lord's of Asia. It is truly an experience to witness the 100,000 lively spectators cheering their cricketing heroes on the field at the Stadium.

]]>Chitpur road, one of Kolkata's oldest road, was popular as pilgrim's path. This road had many dharamshalas and shops. As time passed, habitations grew around them and localities came into existence. At present, Chitpur road and its surroundings play home to many potters as well as shops that make musical instruments.

]]>[original caption] The Tuckt of Sunaman is an ancient Hindu Temple and a prominent landmark, situated on an eminence overlooking the town of Srinagar, one of the chief cities of Kashmir. The picture shows this hill viewed from the Dhal lake, the summer resort of the ancient Delhi kings. The boat woman is depicted wearing the native costume of Kashmir, and the method is shown in which fruit and vegetables are brought from the floating gardens to the mainland. [end]

]]>Mar Nala (canal) forced the outflow of Dal Lakeís water into it, which then extended up to Shadipura. With the construction of this canal, many other earlier canals were also revived and repaired. All these aided cultivation to a large extent.

]]>[Original caption] Gwalior Fortress-Colossal Figures. Gwalior Fortress stands stern and strong 300 feet above the town. A longline of battlements crowns the steep, broken only by the towers and domes of the palace and midway a temple, grey with the moss of ages. The sculptures of Gwalior are unique in northern India, both for their number and enormous size. They are all excavated in the steep cliff below the fortress walls. The largest of all is the Colossus, over 60 feet high with a foot measuring 9 feet. [end] The splendid outer walls of the fortress, 35 feet in height, still stand tall. Measuring two miles in length, these walls are a witness to the fort's reputation for being one of the country's most invincible forts.

]]>[Original caption] Dassamedh Ghat. The landing place of the Dassamedh or 10 sacrifices, where the god Brahma is said to have offered horses in sacrifice. [end] Dasaswamedh Ghat, one of the popular pilgrimage sites of Varanasi, is one of the oldest ghats of the city.

]]>[Original caption] The Dhal Lake is situated amid the most beautiful scenery of the native India State of Kashmir. It was the summer resort of the ancient kings of Delhi, and is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful lakes in the world, being surrounded by fair gardens with sloping lawns and foaming cascades, and bound by precipitous peaks. The surface of the lake is covered for miles with lotus lilies, and tangled masses of aquatic plants, forming floating gardens. [end]

]]>[Original caption] Zenana Carriage, Jeypore. This picture of the quaint and thoroughly Oriental-looking vehicle was taken in a street of Jeypore, the capital of the state of that name in Rajputana. The Zenana carriage is used by the ladies of the Zenana, a Hindustani name meaning women, and which corresponds to the harem in Arabic-speaking Moslem lands. [end]

]]>[Original caption] General View, from Clock Tower. Bombay is without doubt a prosperous city. The houses are large, handsome and well-built, the gardens well-laid out and cared for while the streets are clear and orderly. The locality is the favorite spot of the European inhabitants of whom there are about 15,000 British born. [end] Mumbai Clock Tower was designed by an English architect, Sir George Gilbert. This clock tower draws its inspiration from Big Ben in London. The splendid architecture of Mumbai Clock Tower showcases a blend of Venetian and Gothic styles.

]]>[Original caption] View in Bazaar, Cawnpore. A typical street of an Indian city which has grown into opulence within the last 150 years: built without plan, it abounds in narrow laneways: all that is of architectural value has been appreciated within the past 70 years. [end] Kanpur is one of North Indiaís key industrial centers having its own religious, historical and commercial importance. Many prestigious educational institutions of India are located in this city.

]]>[Original caption] The Taj Mahal, from the River. It is said that Shah Jehan designed a bridge to connect this last resting place of his wife with a similar Taj on the far side of the river. Masons, jewellers,and workmen spent 17 years and four million sterling in collecting materials for what still remains "The Wonder of the Earth." [end] The basic elements of Taj Mahal are Persian in origin. The focus of this magnificent structure is its white marble tomb that stands on a square plinth comprising of a symmetrical structure with an iwan and an arch-shaped doorway having a large dome at the top.

]]>[Original caption] Madras, Seven pagodas. This is the largest of the Seven pagodas of Mahabalipuram (once a city and now a village), 35 miles south of Madras. This temple is called the Rath of Bhima, and is an elaborate piece of sculpture, measuring 48 feet by 25 feet, and rising 26 feet from the ground. Each of these Pagodas has been carved out of a single block of stone. A notable product of this country is the delicious India tea. It grows to perfection as India is its natural home: the only country where tea is found growing wild. India tea is prepared entirely by special cleanly machines in accordance with modern hygienic requirements and is so perfectly pure that a single teaspoonful makes two cups. Use absolutely boiling water. Steep five minutes only. As a summer drink India tea is most refreshing. Served hot with cream and sugar to taste it makes a luscious beverage for breakfast or dinner. India tea is for sale by: (stamped) W A Flint Co 101-3-5-7-9 Main St. Vincennes Ind[iana] [end]

]]>[Original caption] Madras, Cocoanut Oil Mills. Here is an oil-press at work, with one native overseer watching the tank and another, armed with a whip for the patient oxen who, going round and round with the heavy beam to which they are yoked, are doing both lion's and jackal's share of the work. The native boy in a blue tonic is probably playing the part of shahbash-wallah, and is encouraging the beasts to further efforts by praise. [end]

]]>From the time of engagement, interesting and unique rituals begin in the Parsi community. These rituals come to an end with a lavish post wedding reception where one can get glimpses of the rich Parsi culture by way of good music, wine and dining.

]]>Though most cobblers are engaged in shoe repair, resole jobs, mending broken heels, boot repair and so on, many even mend zippers, hand bags, purses, briefcases, backpacks, wallets and leather garments. As itinerant workers, they can repair all sorts of things.

]]>Constructed of black basalt, the Bombay High Court building was built in the late nineteenth century. The Gothic styled architecture of this building is a treat to watch. The work on the present building began in April 1871 and was completed in November 1878. The structure was designed by Col. J.A. Fuller, a British engineer. The present building of Bombay High Court faces the Oval Maidan where aspiring young cricketers hone their paces.

]]>The foundation stone of the Bombay Municipal Corporation was laid by Lord Ripon, the Viceroy on December 9, 1884. The Indo-Saracenic design of this structure is a visual treat. This structure, also known as Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) was completed in 1893.

]]>[Original caption] A Car Festival. The huge triumphal car has upon it a representation of the deity in whose honour the festival is observed. The car is drawn around the temple precincts by the willing hands of devotees. Sharp corners are negotiated with the aid of levers: the party manipulating the same may be seen in the picture, behind the car. [end] During Rath Yatra, devotees from far and wide come to Puri with the desire of touching the rope of the chariot. The huge processions that accompany the chariots play devotional songs accompanied by drums, tambourines and other instruments.

]]>[Original caption] Snake Charmers, Calcutta. The Snake Charmer, as a rule, is an itinerant being, who is glad to charm his snakes in your compound, or before your house or bungalow, for a small reward. The snakes uncoil and erect themselves to the sound of weird music, and seem thoroughly fascinated. They are usually quite harmless, their poison fangs having been extracted. [end]

]]>[Original caption] Dandy and Bearers, Darjeeling. The means of locomotion in the East are many. From the rapid and easy-going railway train to the disagreeable mount on the camel, there are a number of varieties. One of the most pleasant forms of traveling is in the dandy. The bearers are strong and active men, and the distance they can cover at a rapid pace is always a matter of surprise to the European. [end]

]]>[Original caption] The picture represents the ceremony of Rama's marriage with Sita together with Janak and Dasharatha [end] Rama spent fourteen years in exile together with his brother Lakshmana and wife Sita. During this period when Sita was kidnapped by Ravana, the monarch of Lanka, Rama fought an arduous and long battle to liberate her and slay Ravana.

]]>The building of Husseinabad Imambara boasts of a Charbagh pattern. The design of this monument is Indo-Islamic by nature though generous doses of Persian crafts can also be seen. This monument, built as the mausoleum for Muhammad Ali Shah, was completed in 1837.The interiors of Husseinabad Imambara include some remarkable Arabic calligraphy and glass work.

]]>Mumbai is a cosmopolitan city with a mesmeric blend of the past and the present. Mumbaikars, the people of this city, are known for their dynamism. Though Mumbai has a fast-paced life, various cultural activities and festivals are still celebrated with a lot of vigor. It remains the business capital of India, the seat of the stock exchange, Bollywood and some of India's finest cultural institutions. It is also the capital of Maharashtra State.

]]>In the pre-independence era, Mahatma Gandhi Road or M.G Road was known as James Street. Stationers, boot makers, victualers, piano tuners, silversmiths, tailors and cutters, wool merchants, printers, confectioners, saddlers and photographers once lined the street though some have disappeared now. Today many of those establishments have been replaced by their modern counterparts.

]]>The massive temple complex extends over an area of more than 400,000 square feet. It is encircled by a high fortified wall. It comprises of at least 120 shrines and temples. With its sculptural grandeur and Orissan styled architecture, Jagannath Temple is one of the most splendid monuments of India.

]]>This Jain temple has a gilded dome. The structure also consists of mirror-inlay pillars, stained glass windows and marble floors having beautiful floral designs. The garden of this temple is adorned with blocks of glass mosaics as well as European statues covered with silver paint.

]]>[Original caption advertisement on back] Rigaud's Sultan Bouquet Perfume. 16, rue de la Paix Wholesale: 8, rue Vivienne PARIS (France) [end] A sizable contingent of Indian troops came to France during World War I (1914-1918). The British Empire recruited large troops from its overseas colonies to fight on its behalf. These soldiers were revered in France for helping to liberate it in both World War I and World War II. Many of these soldiers came from Punjab province.

]]>The word "fakir" usually refers to either the spiritual recluse or the common street beggar who chants sacred names, scriptures or verses. This term was primarily used during the Mughal-era. The word became part of the local idiom primarily due to the courts of Muslim rulers who used the Persian language.

]]>The British Indian Army, often called Indian Army, took part in the World Wars besides serving as a security force in India. During 1903 to 1947, the Army of India had two separate entities namely the British Army in India and the Indian Army. The former consisted of troops originating in the United Kingdom which were later sent to India on duty while the later was made of Indian Army regiments that originated in India.

]]>Kasauli is located around 1900 meters above the sea level. This town was developed as a British Cantonment in the year of 1842. This place has three main areas to visit namely the lower mall, upper mall and the main bazaar.

]]>This hotel, built in 1903, offers a panoramic view of the Gateway of India and the Arabian Sea. Apart from modern Indian influences, this Mumbai hotel also has beautiful onyx columns, vaulted alabaster ceilings, archways, crystal chandeliers, hand-woven silk carpets, a splendid art collection, a dramatic cantilever stairway and an eclectic collection of furniture.

]]>Jawaharlal Nehru (November 14, 1889ñMay 27, 1964)rose as an icon for the Indian youth under the mentorship of Mahatma Gandhi. This first prime minister of sovereign India was also known as Panditji (Scholar). His inaugural address to the nation as the first prime minister is famous as "A Tryst With Destiny". Jawaharlal Nehru was largely responsible for the introduction of a modified and Indianized version of state planning as well as control over the economy.

]]>For two consecutive terms, Subhas Chandra Bose (January 23, 1897 ñ presumptively August 18, 1945) was elected president of the Indian National Congress. However, he resigned from the post due to ideological differences with Mahatma Gandhi. Bose did not had belief in Mahatma Gandhi's non-violence and advocated violent resistance against the British Empire. He founded a separate political party called the All India Forward Bloc. He championed total and immediate independence of India from the rule of the British. With Japanese assistance, Subhas Chandra Bose constituted the Azad Hind Government in exile. During World War II, Netaji also regrouped and led the Indian National Army to fight against the allied forces in Imphal and Burma.

]]>[Original title] Mumtaz-i-Mahal "The Exalted one of the Palace." (from an ivory miniature) The Taj, Tomb of Mumtaz-i-Mahal. Built by the Emperor Shah Jehan. [end] [Original caption] Mumtaz-I-Mahal-"the Exalted One of the Palace"-Empress of the Great Mogul Emperor Shah Jehan. Married A.D. 1615, died 1620. Her late resting place is "the exquisite mausoleum The Taj Mahal, a dream in marble, designed by Titans and finished by Jewellers." The days of Oriental splendor are past and India is now a land of commercial activity. India Tea now links that ancient land of mystery and romance with this new world of the West, for India Tea, the best the world produces, can now be had in the most remote towns and villages in the United States. India Tea is sold by: - R M Bimgaman, Trowbridge, Ill. (stamped) [end]

]]>[Original caption] D'estate quando le infezioni della polvere trovano nel sudore e nella pelle un terreno comodissimo al loro sviluppo, l'unico disinfetante, che non essendo veleneso ne puzzolente puo venire usato per tutta la persona, e soltanto il Lysoform. [end] During 1764-1766, the British East India Company instituted post offices in Chennai, Mumbai and Kolkata. During the governorship of Warren Hastings, postal service was made available for the general public. This card is the Italian version of a beautiful French series depicting the world's postal services in 1900.

]]>[Original title] Shahabuddin Mohammed Shah Jahan, better known as Shah Jehan, was the fifth Mughal ruler. Emperor Shah Jehan (from an ivory minature) Born A.D. 1592, died 1666. The Taj, Tomb of Mumtaz Mahal. Built by the Emperor Shah Jehan. [end] [Original caption] Shah Jehan - Famed for his Peacock Throne, blazing in the shifting natural colors of rubies, sapphires and emeralds; valued by Tavernier at $32,500,000. But the Emperor is now more famous as the Builder of the Taj, that incomparable monument to his Empress. The days of Oriental splendor are past and India is now a land of commercial activity. India Tea now links that ancient land of mystery and romance with this new world of the West, for India Tea, the best the world produces, can now be had in the most remote towns and villages in the United States. India Tea is sold by: - S M Dailey, Louisville, Ill. (stamped) [end]

]]>Avantiswami Temple, built in the latter half of the 9th century and dedicated to Vishnu, is in ruins now though parts of it still survive. The ruins of this temple speak highly about its elegance and sophistication. Graceful colonnades of pillars make an arcaded portico around the temple. The massive pillar before the entrance has a beautiful metal figure of Garuda, the king of birds. Motifs of this temple, seen in the decorative carvings, have borrowed heavily from many sources, both indigenous and foreign.

]]>The stretch of Pir Panjal has many lakes, meadows and trekking trails. Located roughly at 5000 meters above the level of sea, the Pir Panjal Range attracts many tourists. The popular hill-stations of Pahalgam and Gulmarg are present in this range.

]]>A packet of tea is considered a popular shopping souvenir in Darjeeling. Brass statues, thangkas, bamboo umbrellas, religious objects, wood carving, Tibetan carpets, jewelery and woven fabrics are other items that visitors can pick from this place.

]]>[Original caption] Commenced in 1637 and completed in 1648 A.D. by the Emperor Shahjehan. Wonderful Building in the world [end] The construction of Taj Mahal, designed by Ustad Isa (an Iranian architect), was completed in 22 years. The Taj stands on an elevated, square platform with its four truncated corners, that form an unequal octagon. The architectural design of this mausoleum uses the concept of self-replicating geometry as well as a symmetry of architectural elements. Today it has become the most well-known of Indian buildings, visited by people from all over the world.

]]>In 1847, Ambala got the status of a district. The British constructed a Cantonment here which now has grown bigger than even the main city. Ambala, a significant railway junction, is a divisional headquarter of the Northern Railway Zone. The historic Delhi-Ambala-Kalka railway line was established in 1889 while the Ludhiana-Saharanpur line was constructed in 1870.

]]>Dharampur in the state of Himachal Pradesh, roughly 15 kilometers from Kasauli, has one of the best hospitals of the country for the cure of tuberculosis. This place acts as a link for traveling to Sanawar and Kasauli.

]]>Every once in a while, a whet stone or a knife sharpener is required to restore the edge of knives. Doing this at home is often difficult. So, the arrival of knife grinders are eagerly awaited.

]]>Cotton cultivation in the ancient world started from India. Cotton has been grown in this country for over 6,000 years. India's cotton-processing sector declined gradually during the late 18th as well as early 19th centuries, due to the de-industrialization carried out by East India Company. However, after the American Civil War came to an end in 1865, cotton cultivation in the British Empire, particularly India, increased greatly in order to replace the lost production of America.

]]>Commenced in 1644 A.D. by the Emperor Shahjahan, and completed by him in 1658 A.D., the construction is said to have employed a daily average of 5,000 workmen. Devotees in large numbers visit the mosque especially during Ramadan, and they include pilgrims from different communities.

]]>From the early 1600s to the mid 1700s, the 6th through 10th Sikh Gurus defended the temple against Muslim armies, who destroyed it repeatedly. Each time, it was rebuilt more beautifully by the Sikhs. From 1767 on, the Sikhs became strong enough militarily to repulse invaders, and peace returned to the Hari Mandir. The temple draws on both Hindu and Muslim architecture. During the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780-1839), Hari Mandir was richly ornamented with marble sculptures, golden gilding, and large quantities of precious stones. On a jewel-studded platform inside the sanctuary lies the Adi Grantha, the sacred scripture of the Sikhs. This scripture is a collection of devotional poems, prayers, and hymns composed by the ten Sikh gurus and various Muslim and Hindu saints. An underground spring feeds the sacred lake where pilgrims immerse themselves in the water to cleanse their souls. Large dormitories and dining halls next door to the temple lodge and feed all persons, irrespective of race, religion or gender.

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