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Subhash Chandra Bose, also called Netaji, was one of the prominent leaders of the Indian freedom movement
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Subhaschandar Bose was born as the ninth child of Prabhavatidevi and Janakinath Bose in Cuttack, Orissa. He was an excellent student and was ranked fourth in the examinations of Indian Civil Services. However, in April 1921, he left his Civil Services apprenticeship midway and returned to India. He started his active political career in Kolkata (then called Calcutta) under Chittaranjan Das, the famous freedom fighter of Bengal.
Subhas Chandra Bose asserted the need of complete freedom for India as opposed to the Dominion status advocated by the Indian National Congress under the leadership of Gandhi. Bose was supported by other younger leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru. Finally, the Congress adopted "Poorna Swaraj" (complete freedom) as its slogan at the Lahore Congress convention in 1929.
Subhaschandar Bose became president of the Indian National Congress twice, once in 1937 and then in 1939. But he resigned soon in 1939 due to ideological differences with Gandhi to form the All India Forward Bloc.
Meanwhile, the Second World War started and Bose was arrested for opposing India being declared the warring state. Due to poor health, he was released from jail soon and placed under house arrest. He made a daring escape from this house to reach Germany via Kabul (presently in Afghanistan).
Bose made an alliance with Germany and Japan to get military and other aid from them to fight the British. Bose took an arduous journey to reach Tokyo where he formed the Indian National Army (INA) that mainly comprised of about 40,000 Indian soldiers captured by the British Indian army in Singapore and elsewhere. Netaji - as he is affectionately known in Bengal today - also formed a government called "Azad Hind Government" (Free India Government) on 21 October, 1943. The INA set free the Andaman and Nicobar islands from the British and marched through Burma to reach Coxtown located on the Indian Border. However the defeat and later surrender of Japan jeopardized his plans to free India from the Eastern front by means of the INA troops. Bose, who was in Singapore then, decided to visit Tokyo. However, the plane carrying him crashed near Taipei. It is believed that he died at a hospital of severe burns. |
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